Казуи стика от лат casus случай казус в общеупотребительном бытовом значении под этим термином понимают в аргументах при
Казуистика

Казуи́стика (от лат. casus — случай, казус) — в общеупотребительном бытовом значении под этим термином понимают в аргументах при доказательстве или ; крючкотво́рство.
В другом источнике указано, что казуистика — теория искусства применять к отдельным случаям (казусам, от лат. casus — , инцидент) общие , нравственные или юридические принципы, бесспорные по существу, но далеко не всегда поддающиеся непосредственному приложению к отдельным жизненным явлениям. Казуистика возникла в Средние века как богословская дисциплина, с целью применять общие к конкретным случаям и разрешать возникающие в таких случаях вопросы совести, и её применяли схоластики (богословы и юристы).
Богословие
У средневековых схоластов (теологов и юристов) казуистика представляла собой особый диалектический приём, при помощи которого какой-либо религиозный, моральный или юридический вопросы разбиваются на бесчисленное множество мелких деталей и случаев, и, вместо решения вопроса в принципе, стараются войти в тончайший и исчерпывающий анализ всех возможных, и мысленно представимых, случаев. В диалектической казуистике особенно отличались иезуиты. С тех пор в теологии под казуистикой стали понимать и учение о степени греха применительно к различным обстоятельствам. Казуистика стала (особенно в католицизме) теорией «казусов совести», регулирующей конфликты между различными нравственными обязательствами человека, когда необходимо определить приоритет одного из них перед другим в конкретных сложных обстоятельствах.
Право
В юриспруденции под казуистикой понимают анализ данного дела, случая (казуса) и выведение из него путём логической и юридической интерпретации некоторых общих принципов, дополняющих недостающие в законодательстве нормы. В судебной практике большинства стран часто приходится прибегать к казуальному творчеству из-за выдвигаемых усложняющейся жизнью новых вопросов, ещё не отражённых в законе.
Медицина
В медицине под казуистикой может пониматься «отдельное наблюдение (повреждения или заболевания), представляющее научный и практический интерес из-за его редкости и необычности».
См. также
- Демагогия
- Казуальность
- Софизм
Примечания
- Казуистика // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907.
- Казуистика // Малый энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. — 2-е изд., вновь перераб. и значит. доп. — Т. 1—2. — СПб., 1907—1909.
- Казуистика Архивная копия от 14 июля 2020 на Wayback Machine // Ефремова Т. Ф. Новый словарь русского языка. Толково-словообразовательный: Св. 136000 словарных статей, около 250000 семантических единиц : В 2 т.. — М.: Русский язык, 2000. — (Библиотека словарей русского языка). — ISBN 5-200-02800-0. Архивировано 7 июля 2018 года.
- Казуистика в медицине Архивная копия от 1 февраля 2017 на Wayback Machine // , Клевно В. А., Пашинян Г. А. Судебно-медицинская экспертиза: Термины и понятия: Словарь для юристов и судебно-медицинских экспертов. — М.: , 2006. — 256 с. — (Словари для юристов-профессионалов)ISBN 5-89123-961-2
Литература
На русском
- Н. С. Суворов, «Казуистика и пробабилизм», «Юридический Вестник», № 11, 1889.
- Казуистика // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907.
- Казуистика // Малый энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. — 2-е изд., вновь перераб. и значит. доп. — Т. 1—2. — СПб., 1907—1909.
- Негаим // Еврейская энциклопедия Брокгауза и Ефрона. — СПб., 1908—1913.
- Бродский А.И. Casus conscientiae. Казуистика и пробабилизм с точки зрения современной этики // Homo philosophans. Сборник к 60-летию профессора К.А. Сергеева / Ответственный редактор выпуска Ю.В. Перов. Редакционная коллегия выпуска: Е.Н. Лисанюк, Д.Н. Разеев, К.В. Родченко. — СПб.: , 2002. — С. 279—294. — 512 с. — (Мыслители, выпуск 12).
- Билоус Т. Свет и тени моральной казуистики Архивная копия от 1 марта 2021 на Wayback Machine // Спільне, 10 декабря 2020.
На других языках
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Kazui stika ot lat casus sluchaj kazus v obsheupotrebitelnom bytovom znachenii pod etim terminom ponimayut v argumentah pri dokazatelstve ili kryuchkotvo rstvo V drugom istochnike ukazano chto kazuistika teoriya iskusstva primenyat k otdelnym sluchayam kazusam ot lat casus incident obshie nravstvennye ili yuridicheskie principy besspornye po sushestvu no daleko ne vsegda poddayushiesya neposredstvennomu prilozheniyu k otdelnym zhiznennym yavleniyam Kazuistika voznikla v Srednie veka kak bogoslovskaya disciplina s celyu primenyat obshie k konkretnym sluchayam i razreshat voznikayushie v takih sluchayah voprosy sovesti i eyo primenyali sholastiki bogoslovy i yuristy BogoslovieU srednevekovyh sholastov teologov i yuristov kazuistika predstavlyala soboj osobyj dialekticheskij priyom pri pomoshi kotorogo kakoj libo religioznyj moralnyj ili yuridicheskij voprosy razbivayutsya na beschislennoe mnozhestvo melkih detalej i sluchaev i vmesto resheniya voprosa v principe starayutsya vojti v 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kazuistika V Vikislovare est statya kryuchkotvorstvo LiteraturaNa russkom N S Suvorov Kazuistika i probabilizm Yuridicheskij Vestnik 11 1889 Kazuistika Enciklopedicheskij slovar Brokgauza i Efrona v 86 t 82 t i 4 dop SPb 1890 1907 Kazuistika Malyj enciklopedicheskij slovar Brokgauza i Efrona 2 e izd vnov pererab i znachit dop T 1 2 SPb 1907 1909 Negaim Evrejskaya enciklopediya Brokgauza i Efrona SPb 1908 1913 Brodskij A I Casus conscientiae Kazuistika i probabilizm s tochki zreniya sovremennoj etiki Homo philosophans Sbornik k 60 letiyu professora K A Sergeeva Otvetstvennyj redaktor vypuska Yu V Perov Redakcionnaya kollegiya vypuska E N Lisanyuk D N Razeev K V Rodchenko SPb 2002 S 279 294 512 s Mysliteli vypusk 12 Bilous T Svet i teni moralnoj kazuistiki Arhivnaya kopiya ot 1 marta 2021 na Wayback Machine Spilne 10 dekabrya 2020 Na drugih yazykah Arras John D 1991 Getting Down to Cases The Revival of Casuistry in Bioethics angl Vol 16 pp 29 51 Biggar Nigel 1989 A Case for Casuistry in the Church angl Vol 6 p 29 Blake David C 1992 The Hospital Ethics Committee Health Care s Moral Conscience or White Elephant Hastings Center Report Vol 22 pp 6 12 Bliton Mark J 1993 The Ethics of Clinical Ethics Consultation On the Way to Clinical Philosophy Diss Vanderbilt Boeyink David E 1992 Casuistry A Case Based Method for Journalists angl Vol 7 pp 107 120 Boyle Joseph 1991 Who is Entitled to Double Effect angl pp 475 494 Brody Baruch A 1988 Ethical Questions Raised by the Persistent Vegetative Patient Hastings Center Report Vol 18 pp 33 37 Brody Baruch A 1989 A Historical Introduction to Jewish Casuistry on Suicide and Euthanasia in Baruch A Brody Suicide and Euthanasia Historical and Contemporary Themes Netherlands Carlson A Cheree 1992 Creative Casuistry and Feminist Consciousness The Rhetoric of Moral Reform angl Vol 78 pp 16 33 Carney Bridget Mary 1993 Modern Casuistry An Essential But Incomplete Method for Clinical Ethical Decision Making Diss Graduate Theological Union 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